VIOLENCE AGAINST NURSES: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY FOR NURSES IN MUNICIPAL, HEALTH INSURANCE AND UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF BENI SUEF GOVERNORATE, EGYPT
Ewis
AA
Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
author
Arafa
AE
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Nurses are the first and most available personnel throughout the hospital especially in stressful situations such as accidents, deaths, waiting to visit a physician or transfer of patients to a ward or another hospital. Therefore, they are exposed to more abuse, violence or aggressive behavior from patients or their companions besides the verbal and non verbal aggression they sometimes face from hospital staff. Previous studies showed variable violence rates, e.g., about a third of nurses are physically assaulted and injured, a quarter are sexually harassed and about two-thirds are non-physically assaulted, with these rates varying by setting and world region. Aim of the work: To assess the magnitude of violence against nurses in Upper Egypt, with exploring the reporting, consequences and impact of these aggression incidents. Materials and Methods: Nurses working at different hospitals in Beni-suef hospitals, Egypt, were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about their socio-demographics, frequency of exposure to violence incidents during working lifetime, and last year’s external and internal aggression. Results: The response rate was 70%. Throughout their career, 92.8% of nurses reported that they were exposed to workplace violence. Verbal and psychological aggression incidents were the most common types of violence our nurses were exposed to. During the last year, 86.6% and 42.2% of nurses reported exposure to external and internal violence incidents, respectively. Generally, stress, anger, fear and depression were the most reported consequences after exposure to violence. More than half of the bullied nurses reported that exposure to workplace violence has negative effects on their performance at work. However, about only one third of the violence incidents were reported to administration. Conclusions: This study identified the prevalence rates of all types of aggression the nurses faced during their career and also the last year from both external and internal sources. We also detected the emotional drawbacks of violence on nurses and the impact of different violent incidents on their job quality. Reporting and its consequences were cited clearly, however much study is needed for detecting the causes of under reporting and the most effective methods of stopping aggression directed at nurses.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
1110-1881
38
v.
1
no.
2014
1
22
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_785_639aaa30a8f394f853bb881f0d7f1ea5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2014.785
HEALTH COVERAGE FOR WORKERS IN EGYPT
Abo El-Ata
GA
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Cairo University- Cairo (Egypt)
author
text
article
2014
eng
This study aims at discussing the extent of covering the Egyptian employees with the basic/ essential occupational healthcare services. The paper detailed the legislative, institutional and technical aspects relevant to various OCH services, emphasizing the central role of Primary Healthcare (PHC) services and the Health Insurance Organization (HIO). The natural history of developing the public healthcare system in Egypt is revealed, in details, showing its objectives, procedures and categories/ leveling.The study illustrates the overall picture of healthcare services pertinent to Egyptian workers at present; the strengths, weaknesses and recommendations aiming at comprehensive and integrated coverage in order to comply with the international conventions and the national legislative framework.The study concluded that OCH services are essentially necessary for the Egyptian labor force that constitutes about 31.7% of the whole population and about 48.84% of those aged 15 yrs. or more. There is an urgent need of expanding the OCH services, which currently cover about one-quarter of the working population, to provide every employee with the basic OCH services as indicated by the international recommendations and the Egyptian Constitution, legislation and community necessity.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
1110-1881
38
v.
1
no.
2014
23
42
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_786_86038c890ed190ae517377c44bcb9ed0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2014.786
CARBON BLACK EXPOSURE AND CARDIOPULMONARY EFFECTS AMONG EGYPTIAN WORKERS
EL Okda
EL
Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine
author
Maraghy
A
Chest Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Growing evidence suggests that occupational exposure to carbon black may be a risk factor to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Objectives: To spotlight cardiopulmonary changes among workers exposed to carbon black, to find out different risk factors which may increase the health hazards and to determine the most effective intervention strategy to limit health hazards of carbon black exposure. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was done in carbon black factory in Borg Elarab , Alexandria. The studied group was subjected to a questionnaire including detailed occupational, present and past histories. General examination was done, blood pressure was measured in erect and supine positions and average was taken. Mean arterial blood pressure was calculated. Investigations were done including: CBC, pulmonary function testing (FVC and FEV1) and Plain chest x- ray. Results: the current study detected that DBP was higher among highly exposed group ( 80.7±9) compared to moderately exposed (77.6±9) and unexposed (76.5±8) (statistically significant ). Mean arterial blood pressure was higher among highly exposed (95±8.4) and moderately exposed (92.3±9) group compared to unexposed group (84.5±8.6) and also highly exposed departments compared to moderately exposed with significant difference . As regard FEV1 was higher among unexposed group (3.8±0.7) compared to moderately exposed (3.5±0.8) and highly exposed (3.4±0.9) with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Also FVC was higher among unexposed group (4.8±0.7) compared to moderately exposed group (4.6±0.9) which was slightly higher than highly exposed group (4.3±0.8) with statistically significant difference. Both % of FEV1/FVC and FVC/PVC were higher among unexposed group (84.6±7.6) and (89±7.6) compared to heavily exposed (77.6±9) and (85.3±9) and moderately exposed (80±5) and (87±7) respectively with statistically significant difference. As regard the effect of work duration and smoking index; statistically significant inverse correlation was detected between all pulmonary function tests (PFT) versus duration of exposure among highly exposed group. Among moderately exposed group there is a statistically significant inverse correlation between FVC, FEV1 and FVC/PVC but no significant correlation could be detected versus FEV1/FVC. Conclusion: Carbon black exposure plays an important role in deterioration of pulmonary functions and elevation of diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. Smoking plays a synergistic effect together with carbon black in induction of pulmonary and blood pressure changes.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
1110-1881
38
v.
1
no.
2014
43
62
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_787_d240e2ab593b2ace6b9fe2f9b15515c4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2014.787
COMBINED EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES AND SHOCK WAVE VERSUS THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES AND PHONOPHORESIS IN TREATMENT OF SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Mashaly
MM
Department of Basic Science , Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University.
author
El Shiwi
AMF
Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Shoulder impingement syndrome is an encroachment of subacromial tissues, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon, as a result of narrowing of the subacrormial space. Activities requiring repetitive or sustained use of the arms over head often predispose the rotator cuff tendon to injury. Aim of Work: To compare between combined effects of Therapeutic Exercises and Shock Wave Therapy (SWT) versus Therapeutic Exercises and Phonophoresis in treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome . Materials and Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed as shoulder impingement syndrome stage II Neer classification due to mechanical causes. Patients were randomly distributed into two equal groups. The first group consisted of 15 patients with a mean age of 45.46 (± 8.64) received therapeutic exercises( stretching exercise of posterior shoulder capsule and strengthening exercises of shoulder muscles) and shockwave therapy (6000 shock, 2000/session, 3 sessions, 2 weeks a part, 0.22mJ/mm2) years. The second group consisted of 15 patients with a mean age of 46.26 (±8.05) received same therapeutic exercises and phonophoresis (3 times per week, each other day, for 4 consecutive weeks). Patients were evaluated pretreatment and post treatment for shoulder pain severity, shoulder functional disability, shoulder flexion, abduction and internal rotation motions. Results: Patients of both groups showed significant improvement in all the measured variables. In between groups difference the shock wave group showed a significant improvement in all measured variables than phonophoresis group. Conclusion: combined effect of therapeutic exercises and shock wave were more effective than therapeutic exercises and phonophoresis on decreasing shoulder pain severity, shoulder functional disability, increasing in shoulder flexion, abduction and internal rotation in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
1110-1881
38
v.
1
no.
2014
63
78
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_788_bc41206a02c9d1ff2dfa7342b4a447f1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2014.788
ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS FOOD POISONING OF FOOD HANDLERS IN SOME EGYPTIAN WORKSITES
Adel Hakim
S.
Department of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine
author
Mostafa
NS
Department of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine
author
Abdel-Rahman
SM
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Food handlers represent an occupational group which plays a major role in the spread of food borne diseases. The risk of food getting contaminated depends largely on the knowledge and practice of proper food hygiene measures among food handlers. Aim of work: To assess the knowledge and practice of food handlers towards food hygiene in addition to identifying the frequency of workers with positive nail culture. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study including 140 subjects such that 54 worked in the kitchens of Ain Shams University Hospitals and 86 from 16 fast food restaurants were included in the study. Questionnaire and nail swabs for culture were done after obtaining their consent. Results: The study showed that the mean knowledge score was 76.6 ± 19.6 and the mean practice score was 68.1 ± 22.4. Knowledge questions related to the correct method of thawing food and the right place for vegetables and meat in the refrigerator showed less than 50% correct answers. Practice questions related to not keeping food at room temperature for more than 4 hours and not to continue working if having flu or hand lesions should total correct answers less than 50%. (40.7%) of those who agreed to give nail swabs showed positive culture with CoNS being the most frequently discovered pathogen. Conclusion: food handlers are an occupational group who need careful supervision and training courses on food hygiene and how to carry on their tasks safely without harming themselves or others.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
1110-1881
38
v.
1
no.
2014
79
94
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_789_d48b16736bb5ff9d1c39b40458ddd51d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2014.789
EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD IN TREATMENT OF LOWER BACK MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
El Shiwi
AMF
Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Surgery,
Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Low back pain affects about 60% to 90% of the working-age population in modern industrial society. Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition characterized by muscles shortening with increased tone and associated with trigger points that aggravated with activity of daily living. Aim of work: To examine the effects of magnetic field therapy in patients with lower back myofascial pain syndrome. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were assigned randomly into 2 groups. Subjects in the experimental group (n=15)with main age of 36.73(±2.52) received traditional physical therapy program (infrared radiation, ultrasonic, stretching and strengthening exercises for back muscles) as well as magnetic field , and control group (n = 15) with main age of 37.27(±2.52) received traditional physical therapy only. The following parameters including pain severity, functional disability and lumbar range of motion (flexion, extension, right side bending and left side bending) were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: The results showed significant improvement in all parameters in experimental group compared with those of control group. Conclusion: On the basis of the present date, it is possible to conclude that a magnetic field is effective as a method of treatment for lower back myofascial pain syndrome patients with the parameters used in the present study.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
1110-1881
38
v.
1
no.
2014
95
109
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_790_5659944fbdaf55fb03b6e06a3df4ade7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2014.790
OXYGEN THERAPY
Helal
SS
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University
author
text
article
2014
eng
Oxygen is the life-giving, life-sustaining element. All body activities require oxygen. Long-term oxygen therapy is the only intervention known to increase life expectancy in such patients. The goal of therapy is to provide oxygen continuously (for at least 19 hours a day) at a level that alleviates hypoxemia, thereby avoiding cellular hypoxia, a condition in which the tissue oxygen level is so low that cellular metabolism is disrupted. Hyperbaric medicine is an emerging medical specialty which utilizes oxygen at greater-than-atmospheric pressure to treat a variety of disorders. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy saturates the patient’s plasma with oxygen resulting in increased oxygen delivery to tissues. Medical ozone therapy is a natural alternative used to detoxify, kill infectious disease causing by bacteria, mycoplasmas and virus organisms.Ozone disrupts the integrity of the bacterial cell envelope through oxidation of the phospholipids and lipoproteins. In fungi, ozone inhibits cell growth at certain stages. Ozone treatment is safe because healthy cells are surrounded by an enzyme coating, which ozone does not penetrate. Bacteria and viruses have no such coatings and are oxidized on contact by ozone. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a natural by-product of most ozone oxidizing processes. Hydrogen peroxide is another great natural alternative for health.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
1110-1881
38
v.
1
no.
2014
111
123
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_791_06c0f33bcfd3825076e1a85cf69e70a5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2014.791