eng
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
1110-1881
2357-058X
2013-07-01
37
2
111
120
10.21608/ejom.2013.777
777
OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AMONG YOUNG WORKERS IN CAR REPAIR WORKSHOPS IN PORT-SAID, EGYPT.
Abdellah RF
1
Morsy KM
2
Department of Community, Environment and Occupational Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Introduction: The risk of having occupational injuries is higher in child workers than that in adults. Aim of work: This work was conducted to determine the prevalence of occupational injuries and to examine the factors associated with occupational injuries among young automobile repair. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Port-Said city, Egypt among young workers aged 12- 18 years old in car repair workshops. Sixty workers with at least one-year experience in their position were included using systematic random sample technique. A questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic data, and occupational history including injury. Results: Occupational injuries were reported by 68.3% of worker during the last year. Abrasions were the chief injuries being reported and the most common body parts injured were upper limbs. A statistically significant association was found between age, years of education, smoking, duration of employment and injury occurrence among automobile repair workers (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Majority of the child laborers in car repair workshops were facing unsafe working conditions, and encountered frequent work-related injuries and illnesses. So, it is important to develop successful policies to prevent occupational injuries and promote safer work practices for young workers.
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_777_efa4d10ce1a3d70bd56275f6b233e6ce.pdf
Occupational injury
young workers
car repair workshops
eng
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
1110-1881
2357-058X
2013-07-01
37
2
121
139
10.21608/ejom.2013.778
778
EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM ABOUT BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS (BBPS) TRANSMISSION ON PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN ISMAILIA CITY (AN INTERVENTION STUDY)
El-Leithy N.
1
El-Tokhy H
2
Sheta S
3
Department of Community, Environmental &Occupational Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
Department of Community, Environmental &Occupational Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
Department of Community, Environmental &Occupational Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
Introduction: Among 35 million Health Care Workers worldwide, about 3 million primary health care workers (PHCWs) experience percutaneous exposures to blood borne pathogens (BBPs) each year, these percutaneous injuries may result in 15000 HCV and 70000 HBV and 1000 HIV infections, which lead to about 1100 deaths and significant disabilities. More than 90% of these infections occur in developing countries. Aim of Work: The present study was conducted for prevention of BBPs transmission to HCWs through: determining their base line knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Blood Borne Infectious Diseases (BBIPs) transmission, prevention and control, preparing and adopting a health education program for primary health care workers safety against BBIPs and evaluation for recommended generalization. Materials and Methods: A concise situational analysis was done first, then, an intervention health education program was conducted in all primary health care centers present in Ismailia city (4 centers) aiming to improve knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of 170 PHCWs (physicians, nurses and technicians who accepted to participate in this research) about BBPs, related universal precautions (UP) and preventive measures. Evaluation of this intervention was done by assessment of the change in PHCWs KAP regarding BBIDs UP and preventive measures. Results: This study showed that (45.9%) of PHCWs had complete courses of HBV vaccination, also 39.4% of PHCWs received at least one previous training course related to BBIDs. About 41.8% of PHCWs were exposed to needle sticks injuries in the last year, where workers, nurses and laboratory technicians had a higher percentage of exposure more than dentists and physicians. Nearly 34.4% of subjects, who tested, were seropositive for BBIDs. Mean total knowledge score of 5.23 ± 2.13 and 4.31 ± 2.17 About BBIDs and UP respectively with a highly significant difference (P < 0.05). Also, PHCWs in Ismailia City have a high significant positive attitude towards UP and preventive measures (P < 0.001) while no significant difference was detected regarding their practice to most items of UP whereas (55.3%) have a poor practice of UP for BBIDs. After application of health education program, there was a highly significant improvement (P< 0.001) in the PHCWs knowledge regarding blood spells, no two-handed recapping of needles and hand washing after dealing with the patient (improved mean total knowledge score about BBIDs among all PHCWs except the physicians) but no improvement in workers’ knowledge about sharp waste disposal. Conclusion and Recommendation: Although health education got a positive impact on PHCWs’ safety by improvement of their knowledge and attitude regarding BBIDs and its UP, but still they have poor practice regarding UP of BBIPs. We recommend that HCWS training, to be available for free, complete coverage of vaccinations together with continuous supervision for UP application and post exposure management.
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_778_804ae9702b48c8412287d549f47c2d01.pdf
Healthcare workers
safety
blood borne pathogens
needle stick injuries
eng
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
1110-1881
2357-058X
2013-07-01
37
2
141
156
10.21608/ejom.2013.779
779
CARDIOVASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS AMONG WORKERS IN MEAT PRODUCTION EXPOSED TO COLD ENVIRONMENT
El Safty A
1
Abdel Maksoud N,
2
Kandil H
3
Amer SS
4
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Department of Cardiology. Cairo University. Egypt
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Introduction: Several mechanisms were suggested to describe the relationship between cold exposure and coronary heart disease (CHD). Aim of the work: Our aim is studying the prevalence of cardiovascular manifestations encountered in cold exposure and, to investigate some of the hemodynamic variables that affect the biochemical parameters especially the coagulation and the lipid profile. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 81 subjects in one of the leading factories in meat production in Egypt and twenty subjects as control group. All the personnel were subjected to a full history taking with special questionnaire, clinical examination, and investigations involving, complete blood picture, bleeding time, plasma fibrinogen, plasma thrombin, clotting time, cryoglobulin, complete lipid profile, resting ECG and Rt.upper limb Colored Doppler. Results: Clinical examination showed significant prevalence in chest manifestations which was (42.2%), cardiac (47.5%) and Peripheral vascular manifestations (37.7%) among the exposed group. Investigations revealed low Hemoglobin, low platelet, low bleeding time and higher total cholesterol level among the studied groups. Cryoglobulins showed one positive case among the exposed subjects. There was a prevalence of abnormal ECG findings in 28% of the exposed group. Colored Doppler showed complete normal findings among the exposed subjects. Conclusions and Recommendations: We concluded that exposure to cold environment during work puts the workers in a serious risk of having clinical manifestations’ changes and altered biochemical parameters in which it can lead to serious pathological disturbances. Preplacement and Periodic medical examination are recommended. Using personnel protective equipments (PPE), exposure limits schedules and establishing the work place according to the international standards of occupational health and safety is highly recommended to minimize the exposure effects.
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_779_981dbdc4a9a7b805ee6b6f9b4a8471a7.pdf
Cold temperature
Meat production
Bleeding time
Cryoglobulins
Colored Doppler
eng
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
1110-1881
2357-058X
2013-07-01
37
2
157
168
10.21608/ejom.2013.780
780
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CARE PROVIDED TO WORKERS EXPOSED TO HEAT RELATED INDUSTRIES
Helal S
1
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University
The temperature of the environment is one of the factors affecting human performance. At body temperature substantially higher than the optimal levels (36.5–37.5°C), both physical and mental performance may deteriorate due to the complicated interplay of physiological and pathophysiological processes. The main source of heat gain is the body’s own internal heat. When the air temperature or humidity rises above the optimal ranges for comfort, problems can arise. From these problems: heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, heat cramps, skin rash and fainting. Transient heat fatigue refers to the temporary state of discomfort and mental or psychological strain arising from prolonged heat exposure. The risk of heat stress arises from a combination of human physical effort, which increases body temperature, and the ability of the body to shed the excess heat in order to maintain a viable core body temperature. Heat loss from the body depends on environmental factors such as radiant heat, air temperature, relative humidity and air movement. Heat control measures include: (1) Engineering controls to provide a cooler workplace. (2) Personal Protection to reduce worker exposure. (3) Training employees to recognize and prevent heat illnesses (Health education).
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_780_274060945b73a5eab5a717e4b5069503.pdf
Heat stress- Heat gain- Heat loss-Convection-Conduction-Radiation
eng
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
1110-1881
2357-058X
2013-07-01
37
2
169
180
10.21608/ejom.2013.782
782
INSULIN RESISTANCE AMONG BISPHENOL A EXPOSED WORKERS IN FIBERGLASS PIPES INDUSTRY
Hussein AA.
1
Farahat SA
2
Rashed LA
3
Hussein AM
4
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Department of Biochemistry Cairo University- Egypt
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Introduction: Despite that bisphenol A (BPA) was widely used in industry, it can exert a number of toxicological effects on tissues mainly the endocrine system through its estrogenic action. Aim of work: The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible effect of occupational exposure of BPA on insulin homeostasis and diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A case control cross sectional study was performed in one of the international factories manufacturing fiberglass and PVC pipes located in 6th of October City. The study population was divided into 2 groups; an exposed group consisted of 40 workers occupationally-exposed to BPA and a control group of 45 workers from outpatient clinic in Kasr Al Aini hospital. The exposed group was subdivided into 2 subgroups according to insulin resistance index: 1) Bisphenol A exposed subgroup with insulin resistance index < 4 (n=31), 2) Bisphenol A exposed subgroup with insulin resistance index ≥ 4 (n=9). The whole studied population was subjected to a detailed questionnaire including personal and medical history. General and systemic examinations were performed in addition to measuring both height and weight to all subjects to calculate BMI. All participants were subjected to laboratory investigations in the form of serum insulin level, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2 hours post prandial blood sugar level (2hPPBS). Urine level of BPA was estimated as a biomarker for BPA exposure. Statistical analysis was done using (SPSS) Statistical Package for Special Sciences version 16. Results: This study showed an elevation in urinary BPA level among workers as well as an increased insulin level, fasting blood sugar and post prandial blood sugar levels. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance was higher among the exposed group with positive correlation with the urinary BPA level. Conclusion: occupational exposure to BPA increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. .
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_782_9718b852ba68e1c07e21e39608b61844.pdf
bisphenol A
xenoestrogen
Insulin
Insulin resistance and Diabetes Mellitus
eng
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
1110-1881
2357-058X
2013-07-01
37
2
181
194
10.21608/ejom.2013.783
783
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPACT OF COAL USE FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION
El Safty A
1
Siha M
2
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,Cairo University. Egypt
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,Cairo University. Egypt
Introduction: Coal will continue to play a major role in the global energy system for the coming decades. Consideration of environmental issues are raised by many environmental protection bodies, health authorities and governments specially land use, air pollution, waste management and water management. Management of coal dust having heavy metals, gas emission carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane and ozone, also radiation are the primary area of concern to all environmental preservation bodies and governments. Climate change mitigation policies and measures may put stricter caps on emission of greenhouse gases. Among all industrial sources of air pollution, none poses greater risks to human health and the environment than coal-fired power plants. Health problems linked coal-fired power plants has been claimed for many deaths, cardiac diseases, asthma and cancers. Conclusion and recommendation: latest environmental and health assessment indicated that coal plant emissions of key particle-forming pollutants like CO2, SO2 and NOx, methane, ozone and heavy metals over the last several years, contribute to a significant toll on health and longitivity of millions. Scientists in the field of health and environment declared their fear from using coal in energy production in Egypt as it may worsen quality of the environment and hence Egyptian health. After the Egyptian cabinet declaration ,in April 2014, of use of coal for energy production it worth mentioning that strict strategies should be followed for mitigating of coal’s environmental impacts .
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_783_0ce9f8284f5ab0cb170bbfe2c889c3e5.pdf
Coal
Carbon dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
nitrous oxide
Greenhouse effect
eng
The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine
1110-1881
2357-058X
2013-07-01
37
2
195
216
10.21608/ejom.2013.784
784
EFFECTS OF WORKING ENVIRONMENT ON ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE BURDEN PROFILE IN YOUNG EGYPTIAN MALES
Negm H.
1
Fayez M
2
El Mahdy N
3
Youssef A
4
Cardiology & Ultrasonography Unit of the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
Cardiology & Ultrasonography Unit of the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
National Egyptian Center of Environmental & Toxicological Research Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Middle East Medicare - Health Maintenance Organization
Introduction: Ischemic Heart Diseases (IHD) are mostly attributed to increased exposure to traditional risk factors. Few studies were directed to understand the environmental and occupational determinants as potentially modifiable risk factors. Aim of work: To evaluate the impact of various working environments on the ischemic heart disease burden profile in young Egyptian male workers. Materials and Methods: Three years follow up of ischemic events in three groups of workers based on the type of industry was performed. Group I (Motor industry) which included 4779 individuals, group II (Construction industry) which included 6230 individuals & group III (Food industry) which included 2613 individuals. Main risk factors analysis were collected from out-patient visits and investigations results, followed by multicenter in time on site monitoring on groups records of in-patient admissions and different interventional coronary procedures performed. Results: Mean age in motor industry group was 34.6 ± 9, in construction group was 35.8 ± 9 while in food industry group was 31.6 ± 7. Total incidence of coronary artery disease in the three groups was 1.5%; of hypertension 4.3 %; of diabetes mellitus 3.5 % and that of dyslipidemia was 2.3 %. Incidence of coronary events in motor industry was significantly higher than the other two industries. Highly significant increase in number of total in-patient and critical care admissions due to acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction in addition to number of interventional coronary procedures was observed in motor and construction industries when compared to food industry. Conclusion: Different working environmental hazards might increase the incidence of coronary artery diseases in young Egyptian male workers either directly or through augmenting known risk factors. Morbidity due to IHD might be affected by the type of industry. Cooperation between general practitioners, occupational diseases specialists and cardiologists may improve the efficiency of prevention programs.
https://ejom.journals.ekb.eg/article_784_4e454faa313b8cecfb183b80758a1968.pdf
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)
Traditional risk factors
occupational risk factors
Type of industry
Prevention programs